Daj nti, txhua yam koj yuav tsum paub
Dab tsi yog nplaim roughness?
Kev ntxhib saum npoo yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab cov neeg kho tshuab uas cuam tshuam nrog lub luag haujlwm, pom kev, thiab lub cev muaj zog ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw. Nws yog hais txog qhov me me- scale nplai tsis xwm yeem nyob rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv, feem ntau ua rau siv cov machines los yog tsim qauv siv.
Nkag siab saum npoo av yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua kom muaj kev ua tau zoo thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm kev lag luam zoo xws li aerospace, kho tsheb, thiab kho mob kho mob.
Waviness yog dab tsi?
Waviness yog hais txog qhov ntau dav dav chaw sib nrug uas tshwm sim vim yog qhov sib txawv zoo li tshuab defrect, lossis thermal distortion thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Thaum kev ntxhib yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev txiav cov cuab yeej lossis cov txheej txheem nws tus kheej, Waviness feem ntau yog cov xwm txheej sab nraud lossis tshuab txwv.
Waviness feem ntau muaj qhov sib txawv ntau dua thiab amplitude dua li roughness thiab feem ntau superimposed ntawm cov roughness profile. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom sib txawv ntawm ob, raws li lawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshwm sim sib txawv thiab yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm hauv kev sib txawv.
Qhov tseem ceeb ua rau ntawm waviness:
Tshuab Kev Co Los Yog Chat ..
Thermal distortion
Tool Deflection
Tsis txaus kho kho
Dab tsi yog nteg?
Ntam hais txog kev coj ua lossis qauv qauv ntawm cov qauv txheej txheem, uas ua los ntawm txoj kev raug tsim khoom. Piv txwv li, tig, milling, sib tsoo, lossis polishing txheej txheem txhua qhov tawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj kev taw qhia tshwj xeeb.
Cov kev taw qhia ntawm nteg tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ntau npaum li cas ob qho chaw sib cuam tshuam -}} zoo nkauj, khi, thiab hnav. Nteg qauv tuaj yeem yog puag ncig, radial, perpendicular, los sis parallel, nyob ntawm cov machining haujlwm.
Hom ntawm nteg:
Parallel nteg:Cov qauv sib txawv tseem ceeb yog sib txuas rau lub dav hlau.
Txiav nteg nteg:Qauv nto txiav ncaig rau cov kev taw qhia.
Hla nteg nteg nteg:Cov qauv muaj cov kab sib tshuam.
Multidirectional nteg:Tsis muaj ib qho kev qhia tseem ceeb ib zaug.
Vacular lossis radial nteg:Pom nyob rau hauv muab los yog tshuab dhos - tshuab machined.
Daim ntawv yog dab tsi?
Daim ntawv hais txog cov duab tag nrho lossis geometry ntawm ib qho chaw, suav nrog cov tiaj tiaj, xws li puag ncig, thiab ncaj. Nws yog qhov loj tshaj plaws- Cov qauv sib txawv ntawm cov qauv geometric uas yog siv tshuab tsis muaj tseeb, deformation, lossis thermal expansion.
Tsis zoo li roughness lossis waviness, uas cuam tshuam me me, cov qauv sib txawv, ua rau muaj kev sib dhos, cov kev sib dhos ua ke, thiab ua haujlwm.
Piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv yuam kev:
Ib qho saum npoo uas yuav tsum tau tiaj tus tab sis muaj kev nkhaus me me (tsis muaj lub zeem muag).
Ib tug cylindrical ncej uas yog me ntsis tapered (tsis muaj kev sib tw).
Nkag siab saum npoo kev ua cim
Txhawm rau sib txuas lus saum npoo ua tiav, engineers siv cov qauv saum npoo uas cim rau cov txheej txheem kev kos duab. Cov cim no pab tau kom muaj xwm yeem thiab kev pom tseeb ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv, cov chaw tsim khoom, thiab tswj cov neeg ua haujlwm zoo.
Yuav ua li cas ntsuas ntsuas qhov chaw sib tw?
Kev ntsuas saum npoo yog ntsuas siv cov twj paj nruag tshwj xeeb thiab cov tswv yim uas ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm cov qauv. Cov kev xaiv ntawm txoj kev nyob ntawm ib feem ntawm geometry, cov khoom siv, thiab yuav tsum tau ua yog. Cov qauv ntsuas kev ntsuas muaj xws li:
1. Cov Qauv Sib Tiv Thaiv (Stylus Profilometry)
Stylus profilometry yog cov txheej txheem feem ntau cov txheej txheem rau kev ntsuas kev ntsuas npoo ntsug. Lub pob zeb diamond - Tipped Stylus yog rub tawm thoob plaws saum npoo, tracing lub peaks thiab hav ntawm kev ntxhib los mos. Stylus txoj kev ntsug tau kaw thiab tshuaj ntsuam kom suav cov loughneters. Cov qauv no yog qhov tseeb heev tab sis tej zaum yuav tsis haum rau cov muag muag lossis muag heev, raws li stylus tuaj yeem ua rau khawb.
2. Tsis - Hu Txoj Kev (Optical profilometry)
Tsis -} Hu Txoj Kev, xws li Laser lossis Dawb {{1} {1}- {1} { Cov tswv yim no zoo tagnrho rau qhov tsis yooj yim lossis cov chaw nyuaj, thaum lawv zam kev sib cuag ntawm lub cev. Txoj kev kho qhov muag tau nrawm dua li Stylus Profilometry thiab tuaj yeem ntsuas cov chaw loj dua, tab sis lawv yuav tawm tsam nrog cov chaw muaj kev cuam tshuam lossis cov chaw.
3. Txoj Kev Sib Piv
Txoj kev sib piv cov kev sib piv ntawm cov kev sib piv lossis tsim kev sib piv nrog ib txheej ntawm cov qauv txheem qauv nrog paub qhov tseem ceeb ntawm roughness. Thaum tsis tshua meej meej, hom no nrawm thiab raug nqi-}}}} Zoo rau kev tshuaj xyuas teb lossis tsawg dua kev tshuaj xyuas.
4. Thaj tsam -} txoj kev
Cov txuj ci siab, xws li atomic forecscrice microscopy (AFM) lossis ntsuas hluav taws xob electron me me ntawm cov nanoscale. Cov no yog siv hauv kev tshawb fawb lossis siab- precision kev lag luam zoo li semiconductor raug.
Kev ntsuas ntsuas feem ntau ua rau cov qauv ntev lossis thaj chaw, thiab ntau yam kev ntsuas yuav raug coj los ua tus lej rau kev hloov pauv txawv. Cov ntaub ntawv yog tom qab ntawd ua kom suav cov nplai ntxhib, uas tau sib tham hauv qab no.
Dab tsi yog qhov chaw saum npoo txo cov ntsuas?
Kev ntxhib ntxoo yog tias muaj nuj nqis siv ntau yam tsis muaj, txhua qhov piav qhia ib qho sib txawv ntawm cov qauv sib txawv. Cov feem ntau siv tsis tau, raws li txhais tau los ntawm cov qauv zoo li ISO 4287 thiab ASME B46.1, suav nrog:
1. Ra (arithmetic nruab nrab roughness)
RA yog lub arithmetic txhais tau tias yog kev sib txawv ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov kab txhais tau tias qhov ntev tshaj plaws. Nws yog qhov dav tshaj plaws siv parameter vim nws yooj yim thiab versatility. Piv txwv li, ib lub ra ntawm 0.8 μm qhia tau tias muaj qhov chaw du, thaum lub sijhawm RA ntawm 3.2 μm qhia txog kev ntxhib los mos.
2. RQ (hauv paus txhais tau square roughness)
RQ yog lub hauv paus txhais tau square nruab nrab ntawm cov kev sib txawv ntawm cov kev sib txawv, muab qhov hnyav ntxiv mus rau qhov loj dua thiab cov hav loj. Nws yog kev ua lej zoo ib yam li RA tab sis yog qhov rhiab ntau dua rau cov kev ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov phiaj xwm kev ntxhib los mos.
3. RZ (ntau tshaj plaws ntawm profile)
RZ ntsuas qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov ncov siab tshaj plaws thiab lub hav qis tshaj plaws hauv kev piv txwv ntev. Nws yog feem ntau siv los ntsuas qhov chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm, xws li cov chaw ntim khoom.
4. RT (Tag nrho qhov siab ntawm Profile)
RT yog tag nrho cov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab qhov qis tshaj plaws nyob rau tag nrho cov kev ntsuam xyuas ntev. Nws muab txoj kev sib raug zoo ntawm lub nplaim thaiv tag nrho tab sis yog feem ntau siv vim nws rhiab heev rau outliers.
5. RSK (Skewness)
RSK piav txog cov asymmetry ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob, qhia seb qhov chaw muaj ntau dua (zoo skewness). Qhov ntsuas no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv li Bearings, qhov chaw nyob sab saum npoo cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau cov roj nplua nyeem.
6. Rku (kurtosis)
Rku ntsuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov nplaim hluav taws xob lub qhov siab faib tawm. Lub siab rku qhia tias ib qho spiky nto, thaum tus rku qis qis, thaum muaj kev tawm tswv yim, ntau yam kev hloov kho tshiab. Qhov ntsuas no yog pab tau rau kev twv coj tus cwj pwm.
7. Rp (ntau tshaj plaws lub qhov siab tshaj plaws) thiab RV (ntau tshaj Valley qhov tob)
RP ntsuas qhov siab ntawm lub ncov siab tshaj plaws, thaum RV ntsuas qhov tob ntawm lub qhov tob tshaj plaws. Cov kev ntsuas no tau siv los xyuas cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb uas yuav cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm.
8. Sm (txhais tau rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsis xwm txheej)
Sm yog qhov sib txuas uas ntsuas uas ntsuas qhov nruab nrab deb ntawm peaks lossis hav. Nws muab kev pom rau cov zaus ntawm cov chaw tsis xwm yeem, ua tiav qhov siab - raws li tsis xws li RA thiab RZ.
Txhua qhov ntsuas kev pom tshwj xeeb rau hauv cov yam ntxwv saum npoo av, thiab kev xaiv ntawm parameter nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, RA yog txaus rau General - lub hom phiaj roughning kev ntsuas, thaum RSK thiab RSK yog qhov tseem ceeb rau precision Cheebtsam.
Rooj Sib Tham Doal Deg:
|
Ra (μm) |
Ra (μin) |
Rms (μin) |
CLA (μin) |
RT (μm) |
N (ISO qib) |
Txiav - tawm ntev (hli) |
|
0.025 |
1 |
1.1 |
1 |
0.3 |
1 |
0.08 |
|
0.05 |
2 |
2.2 |
2 |
0.5 |
2 |
0.25 |
|
0.1 |
4 |
4.4 |
4 |
0.8 |
3 |
0.25 |
|
0.2 |
8 |
8.8 |
8 |
1.2 |
4 |
0.25 |
|
0.4 |
16 |
17.6 |
16 |
2 |
5 |
0.25 |
|
0.8 |
32 |
35.2 |
32 |
4 |
6 |
0.8 |
|
1.6 |
63 |
64.3 |
63 |
8 |
7 |
0.8 |
|
3.2 |
125 |
137.5 |
125 |
13 |
8 |
2.5 |
|
6.3 |
250 |
275 |
250 |
25 |
9 |
2.5 |
|
12.5 |
500 |
550 |
500 |
50 |
10 |
2.5 |
|
25 |
1000 |
1100 |
1000 |
100 |
11 |
8 |
|
50 |
2000 |
2200 |
2000 |
200 |
12 |
8 |
Peb yuav ua li cas ua tiav qib sib txawv ntawm cov sib txawv ntawm cov npoo av?
1. Machining cov txheej txheem thiab lawv cov kev sib tw nto
Cov hau kev sib txawv hauv cov txheej txheem inherently tsim cov khoom sib txawv. Ntawm no yog ib phau ntawv qhia dav dav kom raugRa (roughness nruab nrab)Qhov tseem ceeb ua los ntawm ntau yam txheej txheem:
| Kev ua | Raug RA (μm) | Kev piav txog |
|---|---|---|
| Xuab zeb casting | 12.5 – 25.0 | Heev ntxhib saum toj vim yog cov xuab zeb lis loj. |
| Tuag Casting | 1.6 – 6.3 | Zoo dua saum npoo ua tiav dua li xuab zeb nrum; cuam tshuam los ntawm pwm zoo. |
| CNC Milling | 0.8 – 6.3 | Nyob ntawm cov cuab yeej ntse, pub tus nqi noj mov, thiab cov khoom siv. |
| CNC Raws | 0.4 – 3.2 | Ua cov chaw cylindrical nrog polerate tiav. |
| Kev sib tsoo | 0.2 – 1.6 | Ua tiav Finer xaus rau cov khoom siv tawv. |
| Kev qhuas | 0.05 – 0.4 | Siv los txhim kho daim ntawv cylindrical thiab tiav. |
| Lapping | 0.01 – 0.2 | Ultra -} du surfaces rau qhov tseeb haum. |
| Polishing | 0.025 – 0.2 | Ci iab, du tiav nrog kev sib txhuam yau. |
| Ceev superfinishing | <0.01 | Ua tiav daim iav - zoo li ua tiav; siv nyob rau hauv aerospace, optics. |
2. Qhov xwm txheej uas cuam tshuam rau saum npoo av
a. Tuam geometry thiab ntse
A Shaper Tooltsim cov khoom sib luag zoo.
Loj duaQhov ntswg radiiTxo cov cuab yeej ntawm cov cim thiab cov khoom kom du tawm profile.
Cov cuab yeej hnav tuaj yeem ua rau muag lossis sib tham, ua kom dhau zuj zus.
b. Pub tus nqi thiab txiav ceev
Tsawg dua cov nqithiabNtau dua cov kev txiav ceevfeem ntau ua cov chaw smoother.
Ntau dhau nrawm lossis pub zaub mov tuaj yeem ua rau muaj -} Up ntug (Bue), ua rau cov khoom siv rough.
c. Qhov tob ntawm txiav
Qhov kev txiav yuav pab txo cov qauv ntawm cov cim sib sib sib sib zog nqus.
Xov tag nrho feem ntau siv cov tob me ntawm txiav rau qhov zoo dua.
d. Coolant thiab lubrication
Kev siv cov khoom siv kom haum txo kom sov thiab kev sib txhuam, txo cov degradation saum npoo.
Qhuav machining tuaj yeem nce qhov saum npoo roughness, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv du.
e. Khoom Hom
Softer cov ntaub ntawv (zoo li txhuas) tuaj yeem txhuam los yog kua muag hauv qee yam cuab yeej.
Cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj (zoo li hlau) zoo li nti kom nti ntxiv, muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua thaum siv khoom siv.
3. Cov txheej txheem ua tiav tiav los txhim kho roughness
Tom qab pib machining,Cov txheej txheem theem siab kawg nkausfeem ntau siv los txo cov kev sib txawv ntawm qhov chaw kom tau raws li cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb.
a. Kev sib tsoo
Tshem tawm cov khoom me me uas muaj lub log muaj cov abrasive.
Haum rau kev tiv thaiv nruj thiab txhim kho tiav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj.
b. Kev qhuas
Siv rau ntawm cov chaw sab hauv zoo nkauj (piv txwv li, lub tshuab thooj voos kheej).
Txhim kho ob daim ntawv geometric thiab nto tas.
c. Lapping
Siv cov abrasive zoo ntawm ob qhov chaw, feem ntau nrog lub lapping phaj.
Tsim cov tsis tshua muaj chaw nyob thiab du tas.
d. Polishing
Siv cov mos mos abrasives lossis polishing tebchaw.
Kev ua kom zoo nkauj ntxiv thiab txhim kho me ntsis ntawm smoothness.
e. Superfinishing / microfinishing
Lub siab {- precision txheej txheem cuam tshuam nrog tsawg- siab} siab dawb thiab oscillation nrog zoo abrasives.
Ua cov ultra {{0} maj mam, toj siab {{1} Kuv zoo li cov chaw tseem ceeb (piv txwv li, pob zog, zog, zog, zog, zog, zog, cov pob zog, zog, zog, zog, zog, lub zog, zog, zog, pob zog).
f. Kev Hluav Taws Xob
Ib qho txheej txheem electrochemical uas yaj miceecopic peaks ntawm cov hlau chaw.
Feem ntau hauv kev kho mob, aerospace, thiab zaub mov ua lag luam rau ultra - huv si, du tas.
4. Cov kev kho saum npoo thiab pleev xim
Muaj qee kis,Cov tsho hlau deglossisTshuaj Kho Mobyog siv rau ob qho tib si txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab hloov kho cov ncauj lus saum npoo av:
Txoj kev (rau txhuas): du me ntsis thiab tiv thaiv saum npoo.
Plating (chrome, npib tsib xee): txhim kho corrosion tsis kam thiab tuaj yeem txo lossis nce qhov chaw nyob ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov.
Tua puab tsaig:Qhia cov kev ntxhov siab compressive thiab tsim cov ntawv nyeem ua tiav zoo rau lub neej qaug zog.
Khoov blasting: Tsim cov khaub ncaws hnav zoo nkauj; feem ntau yog ntxhwber tab sis visually thov.
5. Kev Tiv Thaiv Qhov Muag Hauv Kev Tsim
Thaum tsim qauv sib xyaw, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb rau:
Qhia kom meej txog kev ntxhib ntau ntau, raws li qhov sib zog sib zog ua tiav tus nqi nce.
Siv cov cim qauv (piv txwv li, ra 0.8 μm) ntawm kev kos duab los sib txuas lus qhov xav tau tiav.
Kev sib koom tes nrog cov tuam txhab ua ke thaum ntxov kom nkag siab qhov ua tiav tau raws cov txheej txheem.
6. Nto Roughness vs. Nqi
Finer nto tas yuav tsum muaj:
Ntau lub sijhawm (ntau cov kauj ruam ua tiav).
Zoo dua cov cuab yeej (Shaper, ntau ruaj khov).
Cov txheej txheem ntxiv (polishing, lapping, thiab lwm yam).
Li no, specifying ultra - kev ua kom haum uas tsis xav tauXav Ua Tus NqiCov. Cov neeg tsim qauv yuav tsum sib npaug cov kev ua haujlwm nrog kev ua lag luam.
Ntawm Powerwinx, peb muab cov kev taw qhia txog cov kws xaiv ntawm xaiv cov npoo sab xis rau koj daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Txawm hais tias koj xav tau siab siab - precision tas rau rau cov chaw tswj hwm thermal, peb pab neeg ua kom muaj kev lag luam zoo thiab raug nqi} ua hauj lwm zoo. Ntseeg Powerwinx los pab koj kom ua tiav qhov sib npaug zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm, kav ntev, thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv koj cov dej num.